The Arabs: A Short History
Notes on Pronunciation
Pre-Islamic Arabia
Arabia and Islam
The Arab World from 900 to 1500 C.E.
The Arab World from 1500 to 1800 C.E.
The Nineteenth Century
State-Building and Independence in the Twentieth Century
The Beginning of the Twenty-first Century
Bibliography
The Ottoman Empire: A Short History
Acknowledgments
Pronunciation of Turkish Letters
Introduction
Rise and Expansion (1299–1481)
Between East and West (1481–1600)
Hard-Earned Successes and Serious Setbacks (ca.1600–1774)
“The Longest Century of the Empire” (From Küçük Kaynarca to the End of World War I)
The Ottoman Military, World War I, and the End of Empire
In Lieu of a Conclusion: Continuities and New Beginnings
Chronology
Ottoman Sultan
Notes
SuggestionsforFurtherReading
Iran: A Short History
Introduction
The Early Islamic Period (642–1055)
Iran under the Turks and Mongols(1055–1501)
Iran in the Early Modern Period (1501–1779)
From the Qajars to the Islamic Republic (1779 to the Present)
Chronology
Selected Bibliography